tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76697754565401239872024-02-07T16:15:27.081-05:00The White ThreeNathaniel Anderson,
Kyle Brill,
Carrie Cheng,
Rachel Cohen,
Katherine Kovalcik,
Diana Lopez,
Simon McKenzie,
Dennis Tang,
Haley ZhouHaley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-50015185178089650262009-11-04T12:36:00.013-05:002009-11-15T14:37:16.423-05:00Sustainable SpheresThe international community is on the edge of science as pure imagination is fast becoming reality. The continuous growth of technological advances allows society to have a substantial impact on the planet and everyone on it. The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems. It is the place on Earth’s surface that all life dwells. Biosphere 2 was created in the mid-eighties as an attempt at artificially engineering such a complex and diverse range of natural systems. The implications of Biosphere 2 open up an opportunity to bridge the industrialization and the urbanization of developing nations.<br /><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 200px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5404415012998968114" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8JXTxI0j_iBM7cnDP6qbx0uIIO16BWB7EdXAa9ZcJ_Ffqr7Pu42HBL3LhkVN2RIDB3e5fxScTm6KzrUsnnau7EyZe4mowjN1mn8blEjFZBRAkZMyep78YdgcLhGEnkIHvAALIlgCSFT0/s200/earth.jpg" /> <img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 214px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5404415415718912130" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib5gYhBYhR8NqXaTAR4dmt4oEe_EJFQPRqckXWtRVU-nh7iZaDARipUpREELKPmTwjxTo11S1_wP8DeIGTxK5IDAxagIY5Bk2a0aIs7KtuD9zjoPT932_FVV3sq2GxExVSuBknpY8a5Ec/s320/biosphere2.jpg" /><br /><div><div><div>Biosphere 2 is a tightly sealed glass and steel structure on 3.15 acres near Oracle, Arizona in which scientists have created seven complete ecosystems or biomes that mirror those of Earth. This ground-breaking structure is the world’s largest and most complex closed ecological research facility. Over 1,000 sensors distributed throughout the Biosphere send information to the sophisticated monitoring and control system located on-site at Mission Control. With this new technology, they tested a variety of topics including potable water generation, atmospheric sealing, atmospheric expansion and contraction, and the behaviour of life systems inside a closed ecological system. They also manipulated carbon dioxide levels for <a title="Global warming" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming">global warming</a> research, and injected desired amounts of carbon dioxide, venting as needed.<br /></div><div><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 116px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5400308213029376754" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVC0gilwyRGKnODdATApVLHPJqhd6qdDrSap980Qf_P8qzMu9Vfn8wuVRaorp1j4Oeie_JBfrIa9-Vz4qBaR8LsLfsdGq_eKN8dypKIAh4NZ75lO54AHqDThcFSp8goOWkvvcwHcqMoLo/s320/figure1.gif" /></div><div>So what purpose did this great achievement spawn from? Obviously there is a great amount of research and future education that can benefit from this monumental experiment, but is there a more meaningful, more substantial reason to justify this 200 million dollar project?<br /></div><div><br /></div><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 240px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5400305801995567666" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3p3gRN_Kgo91sEOgS6NbNpfc3zrHdyGxgNsqOSqi8fXyoyu0VuTAn-c7hGESomzR8tnzZj7Bcw1-aM9zxZK-SaAu43eX5lm-fTT-miQmcLbtiHlJqiIQKl0e1ee-mww1v6y6e2nuNp_w/s320/tucson_az_biosphere_2.jpg" /><br />There are two trains of thoughts when considering the possible applications of biosphere research. One option is space colonization. Once all the non-renewable resources in the world are depleted and population exceeds a sustainable way of life, civilization will have a secondary world to fall back on. Space Biospheres Ventures (SBV) is a private ecological research firm formed to pioneer research in the field of biospherics, the study and construction of closed, self-regulating, self-sustaining, ecological systems.<br /><br />The other idea is using the research found to have a profound effect on the innovation of current environmental technologies, ushering society into a new era of sustainability. On just one-half acre of land, the biospherians grow, harvest and process their food— while keeping the soil highly fertile and using only non-polluting pest control methods. Application on Earth of similar systems show promise for reducing ground water pollution from agricultural chemicals, production of pesticide-free foods and more efficient food production. Rather than relocation, this train of thought approaches the idea of creating a more sustainable planet both in the health of our environment and in the well-being of the individuals that make up society.<br /><br /><br /><img style="TEXT-ALIGN: center; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; DISPLAY: block; HEIGHT: 211px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5404405785886672674" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDwPK3kuc-JBAXJUgi1q1bdkozkDtbqeeRTIZnVSi-HS7OuCp6s2HLGUi2pRkrGy1zni7ZY1jWfoVAee5k6nzUALzDhR4aLyJIkA8Z56NNqIjepPR50lhBrcr-6DL9mGuyDEQCLTQUsg0/s320/rvh-bio2.gif" /><br />When dealing with global disparity an individual requires food, water, and shelter. Though simply providing this service can become a cycle of helplessness and dependence. The essence of the biosphere 2 is the pursuit towards knowledge of sustainability. The people who will benefit most from these advances are those in developing nations. Obviously a 200 million dollar biosphere will not be built in every developing nation, though the information we acquire from Biosphere 2 will have a direct effect on the understanding of the biosphere that is Earth.<br /><br />Throughout history developing nations have been victims of western exploitation and national corruption. If they can find a way to apply these self-sustaining techniques, such as water filtration and engineered agriculture that are introduced by the biosphere 2, their lives would have the opportunity to ascend from poverty into beneficial urbanity.<br /></div><div> </div><div><br /><div><div>This video from TED talks interviews a scientist who lived in Biosphere 2 for two years. It is definately worth viewing:<br /><object width="334" height="326"><param name="movie" value="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="bgColor" value="#ffffff"><param name="flashvars" value="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/JanePoynter_2009-medium.flv&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/JanePoynter-2009.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=320&vh=240&ap=0&ti=573&introDuration=16500&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=2000&adKeys=talk=jane_poynter_life_in_biosphere_2;year=2009;theme=bold_predictions_stern_warnings;theme=inspired_by_nature;theme=a_greener_future;theme=tales_of_invention;theme=unconventional_explanations;theme=what_s_next_in_tech;theme=peering_into_space;theme=to_boldly_go;event=TEDxUSC;&preAdTag=tconf.ted/embed;tile=1;sz=512x288;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> <embed src="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf" pluginspace="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="334" height="326" allowfullscreen="true" flashvars="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/JanePoynter_2009-medium.flv&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/JanePoynter-2009.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=320&vh=240&ap=0&ti=573&introDuration=16500&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=2000&adKeys=talk=jane_poynter_life_in_biosphere_2;year=2009;theme=bold_predictions_stern_warnings;theme=inspired_by_nature;theme=a_greener_future;theme=tales_of_invention;theme=unconventional_explanations;theme=what_s_next_in_tech;theme=peering_into_space;theme=to_boldly_go;event=TEDxUSC;"></embed></object></div><div> </div><div> </div><div>Work Cited:</div><div><br />Lord Martin Rees - The Future:</div><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qRANgnyr4k">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qRANgnyr4k</a><br />01/11/2009 </div><div>Eden Project:</div><div><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pO44zejAXcI&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pO44zejAXcI&feature=related</a><br />01/11/2009<br />Biosphere 2:</div><div><a href="http://www.idepfoundation.org/wwg/history_biosphere2.html">http://www.idepfoundation.org/wwg/history_biosphere2.html</a><br />01/11/2009</div><div>Biosphere 2:</div><div><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_2">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_2</a><br />01/11/2009</div><div>Implications:</div><div><a href="http://www.biospherics.org/experimentchrono1.html">http://www.biospherics.org/experimentchrono1.html</a><br />01/11/2009</div><div>Implications:<br /><a href="http://www.biology.ed.ac.uk/research/groups/jdeacon/biosphere/biosph.htm">http://www.biology.ed.ac.uk/research/groups/jdeacon/biosphere/biosph.htm</a><br />01/11/2009<br /></div><div>Posted by: Simon McKenzie</div></div></div></div>Haley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-38479922488875327192009-11-04T12:31:00.048-05:002009-11-14T12:59:12.130-05:00Seeds for Thought<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiROdSr3zUiuvBQe7DI_h6coVgepUwAlYqWQAsPMlb1RIaxnJiJSLptKHmYIppYzXbOunjN1XTZ6IzKA8sVlBqOw2oBeh0HNciAjC7JGP_bmkGktYNv5viprfReFCysWrl3xdzvciyT240/s1600-h/vault2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 264px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiROdSr3zUiuvBQe7DI_h6coVgepUwAlYqWQAsPMlb1RIaxnJiJSLptKHmYIppYzXbOunjN1XTZ6IzKA8sVlBqOw2oBeh0HNciAjC7JGP_bmkGktYNv5viprfReFCysWrl3xdzvciyT240/s400/vault2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403762268016342418" border="0" /></a><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link style="font-family: georgia;" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CJOHNNY%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link style="font-family: georgia;" rel="Edit-Time-Data" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CJOHNNY%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso"><!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size:100%;"><o:smarttagtype style="font-family: georgia;" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype style="font-family: georgia;" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype style="font-family: georgia;" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"></o:smarttagtype></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:georgia;"><span lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The Svalboard Global Seed Vault is a very simple, very interesting building. It was designed by Peter </span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Wilelm Soderman of Barlindhaug Consult AS and was completed in </span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">2008 on a remote Norwegian island in the </span></span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Arctic Circle</span></span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">. It was designed to store 100 million different seeds from some 268 000 plants collected from 10</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">0 countries m</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">aking it the largest collection of food crop seeds.</span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The uncomplicated building consists of a 125-meter-long tunnel t</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">hat was dug into the frozen mountainside, ending with thr</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">ee</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZp34ISis2-FcUldUKzGWmXSpHnI3iIL1EqAuqYrUNvJKM0-PYAw-0RYen3z3yxjAYUoKnDCJNLP_itHxlC7HwA0W6ZEfGSqQ-S44TF8GpjV20B81JMt30yHw2N3YPAVXCJMr_34rbiek/s1600-h/vault4.jpg"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399714539713377474" spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style="'width:240pt;height:89.25pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\JOHNNY~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image002.jpg" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZp34ISis2-FcUldUKzGWmXSpHnI3iIL1EqAuqYrUNvJKM0-PYAw-0RYen3z3yxjAYUoKnDCJNLP_itHxlC7HwA0W6ZEfGSqQ-S44TF8GpjV20B81JMt30yHw2N3YPAVXCJMr_34rbiek/s320/vault4.jpg"> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">secure rooms. </span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Here, seeds that will be fertile for at le</span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">ast 2000 years are stored in foil </span></span></span><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_z8iQ5AFTeie9af_0wQZfjirBq7lRoSpHJjbNhgMYblw-qj7nSDTUL5d_B1nyzDtSgVZhHrRK1HF_nZ6pS7UiqICxBZt4T8MvcmjqHFPyoVeFZxOpMzlQzP-iMCsJOS_J8Pd97KURFOs/s1600-h/vault1.jpg"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399714530528129810" spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style="'width:240pt;height:134.25pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\JOHNNY~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.jpg" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_z8iQ5AFTeie9af_0wQZfjirBq7lRoSpHJjbNhgMYblw-qj7nSDTUL5d_B1nyzDtSgVZhHrRK1HF_nZ6pS7UiqICxBZt4T8MvcmjqHFPyoVeFZxOpMzlQzP-iMCsJOS_J8Pd97KURFOs/s320/vault1.jpg"> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span></a></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">pouches kept below -18°C, and are managed </span></span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">by the Global Crop Diversity Trust.</span></span></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAwjmRFWyraRakYVZjuO1y5m6qxLtMBBEFeKDUyBZgUPlHXQa1mHX_LzKFF5-geUgKhZbEzpJgc18j6R-YJ2SvAR1Fjh7OqYh8amSSdejDwGVFFg4gtlRnMzzrmwG8-axL7QZ4jiFICUY/s1600-h/vault3.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 354px; height: 233px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAwjmRFWyraRakYVZjuO1y5m6qxLtMBBEFeKDUyBZgUPlHXQa1mHX_LzKFF5-geUgKhZbEzpJgc18j6R-YJ2SvAR1Fjh7OqYh8amSSdejDwGVFFg4gtlRnMzzrmwG8-axL7QZ4jiFICUY/s400/vault3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403762275644184930" border="0" /></a><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA">The purpose of the Vault is to preserve species of crops and save them f</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA">rom extinction. Every day many different species are lost, leading t</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA">o rapidly diminishing biodiversity on Earth. The Vault</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA"> prevents total </span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA">wipe-outs of species. It’s also a sort of “back-up plan” for the world. Should an extreme natural or man-made</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA"> disaster strike and wipe out crops regionally or even globally, the seeds from the Vault would be able to restart farming. In case of an equipment failure, temperatures would take months to reach, and would never rise above -3.5°C, as the vault is dug i</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA">nto permafrost. Even if the a</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA">bsolute worst global warming predictions were to come true, the Vault’s contents would remain naturally fr</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA">ozen for over 200 years, preserving seeds. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTjy-kCowcnqgZ_gr8ltuHndqYzbuSQxP65z81NefOxC1qJpquV7tHHwyuHcPMLf_sZjpJQxpi7U5a6PWiykIFygMxzIn6e3-08yORMYXbgB0OZVhcN47-8Xq_Zga4awZWtxti8yMksAM/s1600-h/vault3.jpg"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399714534370978018" spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style="'width:240pt;height:158.25pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\JOHNNY~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.jpg" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTjy-kCowcnqgZ_gr8ltuHndqYzbuSQxP65z81NefOxC1qJpquV7tHHwyuHcPMLf_sZjpJQxpi7U5a6PWiykIFygMxzIn6e3-08yORMYXbgB0OZVhcN47-8Xq_Zga4awZWtxti8yMksAM/s320/vault3.jpg"> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<br /></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"><st1:city st="on" style="font-family:times new roman;"><st1:place st="on"><i><span lang="EN-CA"><object width="446" height="326"><param name="movie" value="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="bgColor" value="#ffffff"> <param name="flashvars" value="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/CaryFowler_2009G-medium.flv&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/CaryFowler-2009G.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=432&vh=240&ap=0&ti=622&introDuration=16500&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=2000&adKeys=talk=cary_fowler_one_seed_at_a_time_protecting_the_future_of;year=2009;theme=new_on_ted_com;theme=speaking_at_tedglobal2009;theme=a_greener_future;theme=evolution_s_genius;theme=inspired_by_nature;theme=bold_predictions_stern_warnings;event=TEDGlobal+2009;&preAdTag=tconf.ted/embed;tile=1;sz=512x288;"><embed src="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf" pluginspace="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" bgcolor="#ffffff" allowfullscreen="true" flashvars="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/CaryFowler_2009G-medium.flv&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/CaryFowler-2009G.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=432&vh=240&ap=0&ti=622&introDuration=16500&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=2000&adKeys=talk=cary_fowler_one_seed_at_a_time_protecting_the_future_of;year=2009;theme=new_on_ted_com;theme=speaking_at_tedglobal2009;theme=a_greener_future;theme=evolution_s_genius;theme=inspired_by_nature;theme=bold_predictions_stern_warnings;event=TEDGlobal+2009;" width="446" height="326"></embed></object>Cary</span></i></st1:place></st1:city></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"><i><span lang="EN-CA"> Fowler discusses diminishing biodiversity.</span></i></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4bEgQXuZ4EEK4BGOPPhVk1XPhCwb81GjeevgLaescxf2nN_p4EO-yfGkW5iTf1IFwCH_cj3o-wjZdk7xyUbV5ujFSyS3bT9EJ-foy4M02imtHjUtn1lNjqy94Z5TH4yRCplEYAePsSO8/s1600-h/vault4.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 429px; height: 109px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4bEgQXuZ4EEK4BGOPPhVk1XPhCwb81GjeevgLaescxf2nN_p4EO-yfGkW5iTf1IFwCH_cj3o-wjZdk7xyUbV5ujFSyS3bT9EJ-foy4M02imtHjUtn1lNjqy94Z5TH4yRCplEYAePsSO8/s400/vault4.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403762280415883186" border="0" /></a><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA"><span style="font-family:georgia;">In the case o</span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span">f an emergency, the Vault ensures that future generations h</span></span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span">ave access to the crops of today. One day, the Svalboard Global Seed Vault could turn out to be the means of survival for the entire human race, but hopefully we will never need to use it.</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:times new roman;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:100%;"><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">The Vault also protects seeds which are being exploited by large corporations such as Monsanto.</span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">These corporations have placed patents on heirloom crops and have genetically modified them in order to ensure that they are infertile “Terminator” seeds.</span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">The poor farmers who use them must purchase new seeds every season.</span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">This capitalistic approach to farming is extremely unsustainable.</span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">I</span>t has</span></span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"> already led to starvation in </span></span><st1:country-region st="on" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">India</span></span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"> thanks to patented basmati rice and genetically engineered contamination of diverse maize crops in </span></span><st1:country-region st="on" style="font-family:georgia;"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">Mexico</span></span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span">If we are to develop a viable world agricultural system, it is important to understand that it will not be met without resistance, especially by corporations such as Monsanto who own 90% of all GMO patents, including</span></span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;" lang="EN-CA"><span><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"> some for livestock.</span></span></span></span></p> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 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margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:georgia;"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:100%;"><object width="560" height="340"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/QqQVll-MP3I&hl=en&fs=1&"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/QqQVll-MP3I&hl=en&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="560" height="340"></embed></object><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"> </span></span></span></p> <span lang="EN-CA"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Perhaps then the solution is to avoid large factory farms and concentrate on small, diverse, urban agricultural systems (see </span></span><a style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);" href="http://arch100w3.blogspot.com/2009/11/sustainable-slums.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The Logistics of a Sustainable Slum</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">) These systems would incorporate models of rooftop farms, community co-ops and balcony gardens</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">, </span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">would reduce the demand for large, capitalist farms. This self-sufficient approach to farming would also create a sense of awareness for the public so that people living in urban areas would know exactly where their food came from and how it was grown. </span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Presently there is a detachment between the image portrayed by consumer-friendly foods that can be purchased in grocery stores in</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">the developed world and how these foods are actua</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">lly prepared. </span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">If more people knew just how the food they were eating was produced, they would not buy it. </span></span></span><span lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">
<br /></span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Many corporations have worked hard to maintain the impression that their products are grown on farms rather than produced in factories. Governments of developing nations have been forced to accept World Trade Organization rules, in which they must allow genetically engineered crops to be produced in their countries. Non-Government Organizations must take charge of seed distribution, especially for non-genetically modified crops. </span></span></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhodZrM5NQSKV_dsahIBMnNa1vxiUsCyuWODOpc7QaDKitzkHUHhJ-jAYhZ4DPfYCVZwZTK9FIBUg7UFIo4DC1gXqZCZGPw96aUk5dtqurS6GxXXkRQnN7wgCL2EYPU_a0FLP-CZyDIv3I/s1600-h/roof.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 330px; height: 226px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhodZrM5NQSKV_dsahIBMnNa1vxiUsCyuWODOpc7QaDKitzkHUHhJ-jAYhZ4DPfYCVZwZTK9FIBUg7UFIo4DC1gXqZCZGPw96aUk5dtqurS6GxXXkRQnN7wgCL2EYPU_a0FLP-CZyDIv3I/s400/roof.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403762607518347874" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGklyzAd5RhPGjI_C84Wu1Kj8U3SFfaHbmKuHs4e4GF2Xzy1iHzJnldydhrlfUJyVVIHBcWuji-Cd6X4fVHFav6bs_tapPDg0Y4wh87hlENIdn28BNWrtP2ekQV4wf5SSdFQuo8-pcpcg/s1600-h/roof1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 310px; height: 227px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGklyzAd5RhPGjI_C84Wu1Kj8U3SFfaHbmKuHs4e4GF2Xzy1iHzJnldydhrlfUJyVVIHBcWuji-Cd6X4fVHFav6bs_tapPDg0Y4wh87hlENIdn28BNWrtP2ekQV4wf5SSdFQuo8-pcpcg/s400/roof1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403762615088554178" border="0" /></a><span style=";font-family:times new roman;font-size:100%;" lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">With the assistance of NGOs, models could be implemented in order to design urban agricultural systems that would no longer depend on commercial farms, but instead would rely on the self-sufficiency of the communities in which they would be applied. These systems should also incorporate architecture that is already present in the areas such as creating rooftop farms, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">as well as new projects and ideas (such as vertical farms -</span></span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"> </span></span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">see Dennis Tang's </span></span></span></span></span><span><a href="http://arch100w3.blogspot.com/2009/11/i-stumbled-upon-this-while-back-but-i.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">The Tower that Lives</span></span></span></a></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">) </span></span></span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">that would maximize the efficiency and minimize the economic and environmental costs of sustainable urban agriculture. </span></span></span></span></span><div><span style=";font-family:times new roman;font-size:100%;" lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;">
<br /></span>Sources:
<br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">"A Bridge Too Far." http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/monsanto-s-seeds-of-destructio (accessed November 3, 2009). </span></span></span></span>
<br /><span style=";font-family:times new roman;font-size:100%;" lang="EN-CA"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-family:georgia;">"Global Crop Diversity Trust." http://www.croptrust.org/main/ (accessed November 3, 2009).</span>
<br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">"ICARDA." http://www.icarda.org/ (accessed November 3, 2009). </span>
<br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">"Svalbard Global Seed Vault." http://www.croptrust.org/main/arcticseedvault.php?itemid=211 (accessed November 3, 2009).
<br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">"The Planet's U<span style="font-family:georgia;">ltimate Backup Plan." http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1882288,00.html (accessed November 3, 2009). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"><span style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"><a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/monsanto-s-seeds-of-destructio"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></a></span>
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<br /></span><span style=";font-family:times new roman;font-size:100%;" lang="EN-CA"><span style="font-style: italic;font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">Posted by: Katherine Kovalcik (#2)</span>
<br /></span><p style="font-family: georgia;"></p> </div>Haley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-11722628344346677032009-11-04T09:34:00.047-05:002009-11-15T19:24:00.784-05:00Kibera Slums<span style="font-weight: bold;">SETTTLEMENT PATTERNS</span><br />Kibera is the second largest slum in Africa housing approximately 1.2 million people. The emcompassing area is roughly 1% of Nairobi’s total territory but holds more than ¼ of its population. The neighbourhood is divided into a twelve different villages.<br /><br />This slum city is located roughly 5 kilo. from the city center. The Nairobia river and the Nairobi Dam, an artificial lake that provides drinking water, surrounds the border of Kibera. The land is, for the most part, marginal and covered in mud and filth. Houses are built cloistered together with little space for passageways and no roads for any kind of vehicles. However, despite these problems the slums of Kibera is often seen as a vibrant cultural center pulsating with life.<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwtjQA5DxHmEhePzSmzz2rVkOzJR6MbhPkvfGZlntgaJCRjVzB469Nq62dk-fgyiJQ-IWPxtJmPr-7dfhlAKaP92yShM1OeJswJYig-ou9r7u50GVReDdFAawAQAVJe5V74B81l0TGBIg/s1600-h/up_1738.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwtjQA5DxHmEhePzSmzz2rVkOzJR6MbhPkvfGZlntgaJCRjVzB469Nq62dk-fgyiJQ-IWPxtJmPr-7dfhlAKaP92yShM1OeJswJYig-ou9r7u50GVReDdFAawAQAVJe5V74B81l0TGBIg/s320/up_1738.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5400288646369326034" border="0" /></a>To accommodate for their basic survival necessities, food and water, a subtle pattern of settlement can be observed. Food producers in Kibera would have their plots in large open spaces across from the river and dam. This open space includes different slopes and soil types. Maize is generally grown during the long rains and fast maturing varieties during short seasons. Animal husbandry is a challenge due to disease and theft but otherwise numerous chickens, ducks, goats, sheep and pigs can be found. Unfortunately most of the open space land has been privatized since 1989 and people are left in constant fear of eviction. Yet this is not their only worry: crop losses due to theft, inadequate rainfall, disease, and pests are also problems. Therefore the inhabitant settlement patterns in this area of Kibera has left much to be desired; indeed, other measures are being taken in order to survive in this subsistence urbanity.<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">AGRICULTURE</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNIW1wlsGqVmcBjmic7Agt3tf9jss8xfrQQ8xzi0ngDcWFxzT7r3TSsalDr7HQA-i7cHsCzmsxTfaKhFCA0gtNW0-f3KzAB6H3O9v0AxA5EiVgnLl7GrWJd2mdaUnzWuGh_WQmXsNHl9g/s1600-h/womancultivatingkale.png"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 264px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNIW1wlsGqVmcBjmic7Agt3tf9jss8xfrQQ8xzi0ngDcWFxzT7r3TSsalDr7HQA-i7cHsCzmsxTfaKhFCA0gtNW0-f3KzAB6H3O9v0AxA5EiVgnLl7GrWJd2mdaUnzWuGh_WQmXsNHl9g/s320/womancultivatingkale.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5400262098206375762" border="0" /></a>An agriculture project funded by the French government called “Garden in a Sack” was implemented in 2007. The main problem preventing agriculture was not a lack of cultivating knowledge but of land and cash to buy agricultural material.<br /><br />This garden project objects was to “increase access to food…and income available for each household through the sale of vegetables from Garden in a Sack”. So far the project has been successful in securing a stable food supply for the inhabitants of this subsistence society.<br /><br />These gardens are usually left by the doorstep and cultivate tomatoes, onions, kale or spinach.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Specifications</span><br />• Each sack has volume of o.1 to 0.5 cubic meters<br />• Leafy vegetables are most suitable because they keep on growing even after leaves have been harvested<br />• A single sack can plant 30-40 seedlings of kale or spinach and 20 tomato plants<br />• Capsicum, leafy onions, coriander were later introduced<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1jOFf6Qkj-x2oFc7KYo42tpNcmWPLkg4BA0c_xj12Zv_nfCA21x-8lRbaXA0glMcRuqt7ATzSggVguReK0NtHG7yxXUtqlQD6rk3ph_ZrpvYRYTtQs6gELrkb3AB_z3w7uJKryzzv0ZQ/s1600-h/nurserybed.png"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 202px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1jOFf6Qkj-x2oFc7KYo42tpNcmWPLkg4BA0c_xj12Zv_nfCA21x-8lRbaXA0glMcRuqt7ATzSggVguReK0NtHG7yxXUtqlQD6rk3ph_ZrpvYRYTtQs6gELrkb3AB_z3w7uJKryzzv0ZQ/s320/nurserybed.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5400260038667884658" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Steps:</span><br />• Seedlings distributed by French government are grown in nursery beds for at least three weeks before the seedlings mature enough to be placed into a sack<br />• Sacks are prepared by household:<br />-->Find or buy a sack (very inexpensive at Kshs.10 and easily available)<br />-->Find soil and stones<br />• Good soil is difficult to find so they might end up having to buy soil in order to participate in program → this discourages a lot of people but also shows commitment once purchased<br />-->Seedlings are distributed<br />-->Plants are watered<br />• Access to water is difficult because there is no reliable water. Water is usually purchased from water vendors who do not have consistently set prices<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm3g9-_Qogx-0gWgQg__Ut_qs-qaOHRI8lR6o6Ecyk85PDQIjVQUcvhHXWANPLNPaQfWL20S4nJAM6LBUcxhP5os11IXwtx0zP5ghEkqU8vprAr9BvDy1sQObSO_Mt43QyrqMUqSgyUUk/s1600-h/sacks.png"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 162px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm3g9-_Qogx-0gWgQg__Ut_qs-qaOHRI8lR6o6Ecyk85PDQIjVQUcvhHXWANPLNPaQfWL20S4nJAM6LBUcxhP5os11IXwtx0zP5ghEkqU8vprAr9BvDy1sQObSO_Mt43QyrqMUqSgyUUk/s320/sacks.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5400260693499945074" border="0" /></a><br /><br />These two garden sacks were tried out, the first model worked the best because it allowed the seedlings greater planting area.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Advantages: </span><br />• Cheap and uses readily available materials<br />• Self sustaining program<br />• No longer vulnerable to soaring food prices<br />• Steady and increased monthly income<br />• simple method of ensuring food security<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">WATER</span><br />In the hot climates of Nairobi water is hard to come by, and even harder in the slums of Kiberia. New systems of regulating and distributing water has been put in place by the Kenya Water for Health Organization in order to avoid the harsh prices charged by private water vendors. Their goals include:<br />• Providing safe, clean water within reasonable distances<br />• Reducing waterborne diseases<br />• To strengthen community management and institutional capacity in order to run and manage installed facilities<br />• To facility gender equity in project formulation, decision making and management facilities and services<br /><br />They run two different projects: delivering water tanks to be managed by women in the community and community solar water disinfection called SODIS.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg02jlgzytCE6bDVE3jJ9J6jIrNA4CCIggY4w4NucZviegA6nKQCwmWxFHICzHTv-oLnei8LZqg-1b0hLv9cmaT2_Y3a3LwwE33lkbaeje8M_0_OjPsuBGsJN7bl_mQ_g_mcAPQQGAngME/s1600-h/tanks.png"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg02jlgzytCE6bDVE3jJ9J6jIrNA4CCIggY4w4NucZviegA6nKQCwmWxFHICzHTv-oLnei8LZqg-1b0hLv9cmaT2_Y3a3LwwE33lkbaeje8M_0_OjPsuBGsJN7bl_mQ_g_mcAPQQGAngME/s320/tanks.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5400279290512375042" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;">A common scene of water vending by women.</span><br /></div><br />Their first program buys water from the Niarobi Water Company and pumping them into tanks and selling them to the Kibera community at a very reasonable price. Women groups who are accountable to each other to keep prices gouging at bay: “This informal system relies on the belief that community-driven women’s collectives will handle this precious resource fairly because of their shared hardships.”<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF6LY6IHHGxgcUEI2ADCuquFoehhrLl7XIOtSb6B1ZMsW5Shi1yxp-80wFBj_5v9aNYQxgwB3JXlnzxCsG65cKMy55UeAl18YBzeDjKhY9FaQFRp7mp8BiTbA5QB6qKgUNENPe-rdNr3o/s1600-h/tanks2.png"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF6LY6IHHGxgcUEI2ADCuquFoehhrLl7XIOtSb6B1ZMsW5Shi1yxp-80wFBj_5v9aNYQxgwB3JXlnzxCsG65cKMy55UeAl18YBzeDjKhY9FaQFRp7mp8BiTbA5QB6qKgUNENPe-rdNr3o/s320/tanks2.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5400279768962013154" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;">A water tank in Kisumu Ndogo/Kibera.</span><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW-0MR-y48U5lf9WFcCbAk6-zqKKf9ImxqRC4eTlEhlu20bQWHTgoTU9EqMk3eYdlpxxmH8F0dkDIY8Sm5eaMt_p-qdtXQwNm_n-G0EPh2IDl5MTX-4A1tk43zY4p9weLFUzhE4369BfY/s1600-h/map.png"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 127px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW-0MR-y48U5lf9WFcCbAk6-zqKKf9ImxqRC4eTlEhlu20bQWHTgoTU9EqMk3eYdlpxxmH8F0dkDIY8Sm5eaMt_p-qdtXQwNm_n-G0EPh2IDl5MTX-4A1tk43zY4p9weLFUzhE4369BfY/s320/map.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5400280232463412626" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;">A map of installed tank locations.</span><br /></div><br />The second program consists of a method to disinfect water using sunlight and plastic PET bottles.<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmh7DgYnOi5vPOXrPIVysGpatT4sfopQlCeOheQxMjfV49poqWUgWGemGgwbB86oXH8JNPZ0su_piESP_lGxuCW-UAT8DsBaMtN_brJVUd0vjtYlkMJcQ13R4eDmaWx459JTkBWhsfj-I/s1600-h/water.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 88px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmh7DgYnOi5vPOXrPIVysGpatT4sfopQlCeOheQxMjfV49poqWUgWGemGgwbB86oXH8JNPZ0su_piESP_lGxuCW-UAT8DsBaMtN_brJVUd0vjtYlkMJcQ13R4eDmaWx459JTkBWhsfj-I/s320/water.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5400280707628634274" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;">Guidelines for the application at household level</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>For this method of water treatment to be effective the sun has to have had time to activate the pathogens in the water. Therefore the amount of sunlight has a direct correlation to how long it takes for the water to be treated.<br /><br />Sunny day: 6 hours min. of treatment<br />50% cloudy: 6 hours min. of treatment<br />50-100% cloudy: 2 days min. of treatment<br />continuous rainfall: unsatisfactory performance --> use rainwater harvesting instead<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">CONCLUSION</span><br />These solution for water and agriculture are only the start of a survival kit for a subsistence urbanity, however, they provide for our most fundamental needs. These methods for cultivating food, and water conservation and distribution are efficient, effective and easy to execute, making them not only appropriate for the most basic urban survival kits, but indispensable.<br /><br />Posted By: Carrie Cheng<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sources:</span><br />Pascal, Peggy, and Eunice Mwende. “A Garden in a Sack: Experiences in Kibera, Nairobi,” Urban Agriculture Magazine Online, January, 2009, <a href="http://www.blogger.com/www.solidarites.org/Actualites/articles/kenya-15.01.09.pdf">www.solidarites.org/Actualites/articles/kenya-15.01.09.pdf</a> (accessed November 3, 2009).<br /><br />AllAfrica. “Kenya: Garden in a Sack.” AllAfrica. <a href="http://allafrica.com/stories/200806021274.html">http://allafrica.com/stories/200806021274.html</a> (accessed November 3, 2009).<br /><br />HopeBuilding. “Sack Gardens Bing Nutrition, Revenue to Kenyan Slum.” <a href="http://hopebuilding.pbworks.com/Sack-gardens-bring-nutrition,-revenue-to-Kenyan-slum">http://hopebuilding.pbworks.com/Sack-gardens-bring-nutrition,-revenue-to-Kenyan-slum</a> (accessed November 3, 2009).<br /><br />The Common Language Project. “Kenyans Tap Sun to Make Dirty Water Sparkle.” University of Washington. <a href="http://clpmag.org/article.php?article=Kenyans-Tap-Sun-to-Make-Dirty-Water-Sparkle_029">http://clpmag.org/article.php?article=Kenyans-Tap-Sun-to-Make-Dirty-Water-Sparkle_029</a> (accessed November 3, 2009).<br /><br />City Farmer, Canada’s Office of Urban Agriculture. “Urban Agriculture In Informal Settlements: How Can it Contribute to Poverty Alleviation? Research in Nairobi, Kenya.” University of British Columbia. <a href="http://www.cityfarmer.org/nairobi.html#nairobi">http://www.cityfarmer.org/nairobi.html#nairobi</a> (accessed November 3, 2009).<br /><br /><br />SODIS. “SODIS Method: How does it work?” Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology. <a href="http://www.sodis.ch/methode/anwendung/index_EN">http://www.sodis.ch/methode/anwendung/index_EN</a> (accessed November 3, 2009).Haley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-6331420324463834262009-11-04T08:51:00.016-05:002009-11-12T20:08:39.331-05:00A New Urbanism: Compact Cities<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTyd7w0K-ofEYJbVHdqzBwDuae8zWJrh0aTPu45LCN40_sZE0tCzu0gYC6iydkM1lnsFhvyUYOHPIyK86KsYppZ-vm03Kt429XOW6jo0aJFU-z015gL1o93XMJL3K4s0ylL2EUlUly-7I/s1600-h/GetAttachment.aspx.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 270px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTyd7w0K-ofEYJbVHdqzBwDuae8zWJrh0aTPu45LCN40_sZE0tCzu0gYC6iydkM1lnsFhvyUYOHPIyK86KsYppZ-vm03Kt429XOW6jo0aJFU-z015gL1o93XMJL3K4s0ylL2EUlUly-7I/s400/GetAttachment.aspx.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403380895835107554" border="0" /></a>Slums or shanty towns may be considered today in our society as the new urbanism, since the world’s rapidly growing population rate is calling these types of places their “home”. However, architects and city planners throughout the years have looked at ways to improve the quality of life in slums and to create an organized settlement pattern that will provide urban sustainability.<br />In 1952, Le Corbusier was one of the architects that helped designed the city of Chandigarh’s settlement patterns. The city’s main objective was to be free of overcrowding and shanty towns that cluttered the surrounding cities. In addition, the city had to have an adequate supply of water, easy drainage and the ability to correspond to the climate. Therefore, Le Corbusier designed a tidy chequer-board pattern that allowed for his four basic functions of living, working, circulation and caring for the body and spirit to perform their job.<br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivdtzSVsrTUwkainze5FCGEztn5_t9pCaS_dBnX9Ikf0oPWZq7t8Yai7sP53Rx1t8obn5481zc-JxAiXXsa13i1Hnoqn3D2qjNyv6-PCjtQlRzl54_Ud_EUHMvtSTYYvX24yCUYwWuN6U/s1600-h/map+of+chandigarh.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 289px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivdtzSVsrTUwkainze5FCGEztn5_t9pCaS_dBnX9Ikf0oPWZq7t8Yai7sP53Rx1t8obn5481zc-JxAiXXsa13i1Hnoqn3D2qjNyv6-PCjtQlRzl54_Ud_EUHMvtSTYYvX24yCUYwWuN6U/s400/map+of+chandigarh.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403379776462336930" border="0" /></a><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span>The living aspect consisted of subdivided villages that could accommodate around 150 families. The circulation idea was conveyed by the seven V’s, which means various sectors being defined by a regular grid of traffic routes (V3) that are living units connected by V4 traffic routes. Each sector consisting of an area of 1200m x 800m, including shopping and social areas located in the centre of each sector and a vertical green belt with pedestrian accessibility. Lastly, three major avenues were designed to cross the city and connect all important areas, such as the university to the hospital to the industrial district. These were all located at the centre of the city to create easy access by pedestrians and vehicles. In addition, one of the main attempts was to create more green space to provide better quality air and shade from the hot weather climate. Le Corbusier’s challenge to design a place of tranquility and safety of living spaces may have had a great concept through this city at first, but as the population growth increased problems began to arise. Problems, such as, water percolation and flooding resulting from the impermeable road surfaces and from the water table dropped over the years. Also, overcrowding has become an issue as mobility through the roads has decreased and microclimatic changes have occurred. Consequently, these problems caused the concept to be unable to meet its main objectives.<br /><br />Since Le Corbusier’s plan, architects and city planners of the modern world have begun to expand his ideas into more functional concepts. In the past decade, the concept of a compact city was developed. Compact cities are high density urban settlements that consist of mixed-used cities that restrain from building outwards. These types of cities evolve from the centre outwards, just like Le Corbusier’s city, but instead of creating a repetitive pattern in various sectors, it happens once to create a higher density within the city. In addition, the compact cities include the same type of circulation as Le Corbusier’s project, since a few major intersections are created to unite all neighborhoods to decrease the footprint transport causes in the world.<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDRwqH2mH6Puh5yBVOcM5VMfH5t7iBu9X1UPgxP8TrXb0DKAOJQxyGo0A2IBnXqWIOgNFRxNa8pFHI0dL3eokZGX6OfauA3S7OYVthjFznkbMGMOC4P3e6I9tHf3u_zTDYofqhMi8H1qo/s1600-h/compact+city+plan.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 207px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDRwqH2mH6Puh5yBVOcM5VMfH5t7iBu9X1UPgxP8TrXb0DKAOJQxyGo0A2IBnXqWIOgNFRxNa8pFHI0dL3eokZGX6OfauA3S7OYVthjFznkbMGMOC4P3e6I9tHf3u_zTDYofqhMi8H1qo/s400/compact+city+plan.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403380172217434386" border="0" /></a><br />A developing city where the concept of a compact city is being employed is the Old City of Beersheba, Israel. This city is creating a settlement pattern consisting of an orthogonal grid composed of 100 blocks that are divided into 16 plans, which are all slanted towards the north at a 45 degree angle. The reason for the blocks to be at an angle is to increase ventilation and to allow solar radiation during the winter months. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcq0j-U7zpa8jG2dxLeUDQnBUdB_HS_1YFV5mgid6vXNBGp-4SmsTxEQqmyc7R-akBXYbDTuOZ236BBWYyV-neauJ-kybfC99PIJSl7Zsc5ZutgW-xieR6matIpB13fQc5keJE7ZChzLI/s1600-h/beershabe+city+plan.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 309px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcq0j-U7zpa8jG2dxLeUDQnBUdB_HS_1YFV5mgid6vXNBGp-4SmsTxEQqmyc7R-akBXYbDTuOZ236BBWYyV-neauJ-kybfC99PIJSl7Zsc5ZutgW-xieR6matIpB13fQc5keJE7ZChzLI/s400/beershabe+city+plan.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403380443988738690" border="0" /></a><br />Furthermore, Beersheba is strategizing to combine both the modern world with its historic one by rebuilding the new city on top of the old one. This is one of the aspects of a compact city which is to reuse and renovate old structures to decrease the amount of land used and materials. Also, to elaborate on the water and agriculture aspects of the city, Beersheba’s architects are focusing on the conservation of run-off water by using a drainage pattern around the entire neighborhood to be directed towards the rural spaces. By doing so, it will reduce the amount of irrigation needed for vegetation and pollution. Furthermore, the plan includes the concept of incorporating internal patios, roof gardens and terraces to provide more outdoor space and locally based agriculture. Lastly, this concept supports the idea of locally based businesses which would help to improve the quality of life for its citizens providing employment, fresh food and clean water.<br /><br />However, one wonders if this structurally rigid design will help improve the city of slums due to the fact that they have previously failed. Therefore, the western world must study the natural settlement patterns that slums have designed to so that concepts like compact cities could work. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4yTkcpRhBGVUQ1omx2Ad8LWcN1OjGHbWFsN7KPRzhHDfT5nObL9X0qt3Gp8gCr6-d-blVn3Iqp0Aci1a-KmPvtXFqt2p3UNkDwY53AmeWKPqhlEmRKuz_5-yUXBvK_26eTJYleuDHDDw/s1600-h/OverDharavislumcity_1_1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4yTkcpRhBGVUQ1omx2Ad8LWcN1OjGHbWFsN7KPRzhHDfT5nObL9X0qt3Gp8gCr6-d-blVn3Iqp0Aci1a-KmPvtXFqt2p3UNkDwY53AmeWKPqhlEmRKuz_5-yUXBvK_26eTJYleuDHDDw/s400/OverDharavislumcity_1_1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403381507244025458" border="0" /></a>Shanty towns do not have an official city plan, since they are developed by its citizens to create some form of adequate shelter. This cities may be concentrated in the city centers or they may be sprawling outwards. Each way they do not follow zoning laws or sub-division regulations. On the other hand, the informal settlement patterns create a proximity within all areas of the city, such as hospitals and "neighborhoods", which compares to a compact city because they are advertising ecological modes of transport. Also, this proximity allows the concept of self-employed businesses to function, providing citizens with a better social network. Architects should still consider some aspects of the compact city to reduce the ecological footprint, such as the water treatment and sustaining rural landscape to increase local agriculture. When we study slums it is clear that informal settlements demonstrate that a rigid pattern is not required to improve the functionality of cities.<br /><div><br />Works Cited:<br />University of Reading Top Ranking University for Research, "Compact City" <a href="http://www.reading.ac.uk/PeBBu/state_of_art/urban_approaches/compact_city/compact_city.htm">http://www.reading.ac.uk/PeBBu/state_of_art/urban_approaches/compact_city/compact_city.htm</a> (Accessed 01 Nov. 2009.)<br />Eco Compact City Network, "ECO COMPACT CITY NETWORK," <a href="http://www.ecocompactcity.org/home.html.">http://www.ecocompactcity.org/home.html.</a><br /><a href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3575/is_1273_213/ai_99215199/pg_2/?tag=content;col1">http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3575/is_1273_213/ai_99215199/pg_2/?tag=content;col1</a> (Accessed 03 Nov. 2009.)<br />Radovic, Darko. <u>Eco-Urbanity towards well-mannered built environments</u>. New york: Routledge, 2009. Print.<br />Paola Sassi, <u> Strategies for sustainable architecture </u>. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis, 2005. Print.<br />SpringerLink Home - Main, "SpringerLink - Journal Article," 2009,<br /><a href="http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/research/publications/hdm/back/27_Beardsley.html">http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/research/publications/hdm/back/27_Beardsley.html</a> (Accessed November 4, 2009)<br /><div><br />Posted By: Diana Lopez Cerquera</div></div>Haley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-30838745898233630802009-11-04T02:00:00.023-05:002009-11-15T01:31:06.015-05:00Emergence from Slums<span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-family:georgia;font-size:130%;" >
<br />"<a href="http://emergenturbanism.com/about/">Emergence</a> is the creation of systems of greater dimension than the elements that create it."</span>
<br /></span><p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://mathieuhelie.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/sierpinski_triangle_evolution.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 483px;" src="http://mathieuhelie.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/sierpinski_triangle_evolution.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: center;font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://emergenturbanism.com/2009/05/11/the-fundamentals-of-urban-complexity/">Figure 4</a>. A triangle triggers a feedback function that produces three triangles, which themselves trigger the feedback function to produce nine triangles, and so on. This process can unfold as long as computational resources can be invested to increase the complexity of the object.</span></p><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;" > </span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-family:georgia;">While a shanty town of narrow alleys and makeshift houses made of any junk at the garbage dump may seem to represent a society at the brink of collapse, it may just be the most natural way for our city to be developed.</span>
<br /></span><blockquote><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;" >
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{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="">Although they may appear to be random, new buildings and developments do not arise randomly. They are programmed when the individuals who inhabit a particular place determine that the current building set no longer provides an acceptable solution to environmental conditions, some resulting from external events but some being the outcome of the process of urban growth itself. It is these contextual conditions that fluctuate randomly and throw the equilibrium of the building set out of balance. In order to restore this equilibrium there will be movement of the urban tissue by the addition or subtraction of a building or other structure. In this way an urban tissue is a system that fluctuates chaotically, but it does so in response to random events in order to restore its <a href="http://emergenturbanism.com/2009/05/">equilibrium</a>.</span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="">
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<br /></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-family:georgia;"> In a slum setting the occupants are apart of the organic being of the community. Their individual shelters affect the oth</span>ers around them. This contrasts with the idea proposed by architects like Le Corbusier of an entire city that had been planned out meticulously.
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<br /></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz_jWn0PlDWzH-wrcc6exfREx9WOyJWI5tNji-xi2JpKwZjTyUVbCoX8IfHtG2hRgTBj8OwjZ4lM6FByBETGdqXDx73LAQSMDzxI3q8ZG_1adG8CMvKV1xtXiPr7Lrbb_yLzQTKICS9pE/s1600-h/le+courbusier.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 207px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz_jWn0PlDWzH-wrcc6exfREx9WOyJWI5tNji-xi2JpKwZjTyUVbCoX8IfHtG2hRgTBj8OwjZ4lM6FByBETGdqXDx73LAQSMDzxI3q8ZG_1adG8CMvKV1xtXiPr7Lrbb_yLzQTKICS9pE/s320/le+courbusier.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403361395401944946" border="0" /></a>
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<br />Le Courbusier's </span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://www.borxu.com/cmap/Ville%20Contemporaine.htm">Ville Contemporaine</a> was an unrealized project for three million</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;" > inhabitants</span><span style="font-size:100%;">
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<br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPH8AQkiZZ_PYBP65eiSn8G7mfkmAu_LdgDHFvq6X8JRiPFSJvvgaueORrisKx_TySg6Wq_ymgIUDG5oYoYHLJnr35S004s4q3aVfPn7Y5e3Qe_deJ-vNeeg80vUF8akbQzY5Tir8BZTo/s1600-h/slum.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPH8AQkiZZ_PYBP65eiSn8G7mfkmAu_LdgDHFvq6X8JRiPFSJvvgaueORrisKx_TySg6Wq_ymgIUDG5oYoYHLJnr35S004s4q3aVfPn7Y5e3Qe_deJ-vNeeg80vUF8akbQzY5Tir8BZTo/s320/slum.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403362491785327058" border="0" /></a><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;" >
<br /> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharavi">Dharavi</a>, India a slum city of over one million people</span><span style="font-size:100%;">
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<br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">When a city is planned out from top to bottom they lose their adaptability and any chance for spontaneous urbanization. It is when a city is given a chance to evolve that they become </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://emergenturbanism.com/2007/11/19/complex-geometry-and-structured-chaos/">complex</a><span style="font-family:georgia;"> and are able to solve problems on a multitude of levels. As a matter of fact the slums have such complex social networks that after Government funded apartments have been made, many of the residents chose to go back to once again to enjoy its rich social networks, where many had businesses that were their main source of income. This social interaction with the community cannot be found in a modern neighborhood design. Since instead of having of city that branches out, slums are a network of various resources and work very efficiently. </span>
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<br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://mathieuhelie.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/treelattice.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 337px; height: 190px;" src="http://mathieuhelie.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/treelattice.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://emergenturbanism.com/2009/05/11/the-fundamentals-of-urban-complexity/">Figure 6</a>. A comparison of a tree pattern on the left and a semi-lattice pattern on the right. The tree structure is made of groups and sub-groups that can be manipulated separately from others. The semi-lattice pattern is purely random without distinct sub-parts.</span>
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<br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:georgia;">On the other hand, there are many everyday concerns revolving around shelter, water sanitation and agriculture that a slum city cannot satisfy. So how do we keep the existing social structure of the slums while improving the quality of life for slum dwellers?</span>
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<br /><a style="font-family: georgia;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3OiSjzS_T1tzfcYQ1ehOoE-wlrD8bvZNldR8qkCj-qgxOp5SKVYZjgegD-Nzmv23OzpQCfSAw3bggoqfK2e4seYiAOp-qlddNighMvAoYM-Mmk7imcjt5fZ_FIDBHWpRd_c6e35MmRBU/s1600-h/0,1020,1404058,00.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 211px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3OiSjzS_T1tzfcYQ1ehOoE-wlrD8bvZNldR8qkCj-qgxOp5SKVYZjgegD-Nzmv23OzpQCfSAw3bggoqfK2e4seYiAOp-qlddNighMvAoYM-Mmk7imcjt5fZ_FIDBHWpRd_c6e35MmRBU/s320/0,1020,1404058,00.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5400160130018322194" border="0" /></a>
<br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">A </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,601067,00.html">paper house</a><span style="font-family:georgia;"> has been recently developed by Bauhaus that contains a "resin-soaked paper processed to form thin, light -- yet strong -- panels. The material is also an excellent insulator, and is flexible, making it appropriate in areas at risk of earthquakes." It was designed with to help the living situation in slums with its cost effectiveness and environment conscious design. ($5000 for entire house)
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<br /></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.ifixh2o.com/imgs/eco-soft/rose2november07pics-003-lg.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 194px; height: 295px;" src="http://www.ifixh2o.com/imgs/eco-soft/rose2november07pics-003-lg.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">This relatively cheap </span><a style="font-family: georgia;" href="http://news.cnet.com/Technology-may-quench-thirst-for-drinking-water/2100-1008_3-5847384.html">filtration system</a><span style="font-family:georgia;"> ($70) with a UV light to kill any micro bacteria that cause waterborne diseases like cholera and typhoid can be assembled with easily accessible components and will also run off solar panels where electrical grids are non-existent. The main advantage to this product is the fact it will recycle 5 liters a minute which means it can satisfy the needs of hundreds of people per day.
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<br /></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/x/blogger/1582/1579/1600/891267/scan0007.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 177px; height: 280px;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/x/blogger/1582/1579/1600/891267/scan0007.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a>
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table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;" ><a href="http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/southasia/ruaf/CD/ho1.html">Dr Roshi's city garden</a> capable making a household self-sufficient while using minimal amount of space and water. Its tools are made of materials available in most local environments such as: sugarcane waste, polyethylene bags, tires, containers and cylinders.
<br />
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<br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">All of these technology are currently available and could be easily accessed. These are the building blocks that slum dwellers can use to improve their life quality. Instead of governments spending millions of dollars on predesigned housing solutions, it would be more effective to use the ingenuity the 1 billion squatters already have. To use their survival skills along with efficient techniques so that a new, better slum city can emerge.
<br /></span>
<br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">By: Haley Zhou</span>
<br />
<br /></span>Work sited:
<br />Hélie, Mathieu. "<a href="http://archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.jsp?document_id=10788">Conceptualizing the Principles of Emergent Urbanism</a>," <span style="font-style: italic;">ArchNet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research</span>, vol. 3, issue 2 (2009).
<br />
<br />C.G.H, "New Design Could Revolutionize World Slums," <span style="font-style: italic;">Paper Houses, </span>1/13/2009<span style="font-style: italic;">, </span><a href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,601067,00.html">http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,601067,00.html</a>, (accessed 11/3/2009. 11:15 pm)
<br />
<br />"City Farming Innovations" <a href="http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/southasia/ruaf/CD/ho1.html">http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/southasia/ruaf/CD/ho1.html</a>
<br />(accessed 11/4/2009. 1:15 am)
<br />
<br />Kanellos, Micheal, "Technology May Quench Thirst for Drinking Water", 9/2/2005. 3:40 pm,
<br /><a href="http://news.cnet.com/Technology-may-quench-thirst-for-drinking-water/2100-1008_3-5847384.html">http://news.cnet.com/Technology-may-quench-thirst-for-drinking-water/2100-1008_3-5847384.html</a>
<br />(accessed 11/4/2009. 1:49 am)
<br />
<br />
<br /><div menubottom="0" menuright="0" menutop="0" menuleft="0" activeid="-1" expanded="0" style="display: none;" id="divCleekiAttrib"></div><div menubottom="0" menuright="0" menutop="0" menuleft="0" activeid="-1" expanded="0" style="display: none;" id="divCleekiAttrib"></div><div menubottom="0" menuright="0" menutop="0" menuleft="0" activeid="-1" expanded="0" style="display: none;" id="divCleekiAttrib"></div>Haley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-57223175037760400302009-11-04T00:04:00.040-05:002009-11-14T12:44:59.411-05:00The Logistics of a Sustainable Slum<a style="font-family: georgia;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfgqmRA5-tWBctnb_wSJKvhJURDEchppheeqWTD756gZSTiAVa1-1VZEgdx4sQQqN8d3SBZNezAeybILeTzafTFPZJYNmsHsJY26vF0T5f2CUKHF5zjUY_8nU6XANkAeASCSGOB6ImetU/s1600-h/mex3.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 308px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfgqmRA5-tWBctnb_wSJKvhJURDEchppheeqWTD756gZSTiAVa1-1VZEgdx4sQQqN8d3SBZNezAeybILeTzafTFPZJYNmsHsJY26vF0T5f2CUKHF5zjUY_8nU6XANkAeASCSGOB6ImetU/s400/mex3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403747555092755794" border="0" /></a><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">In the mid-1990s, fifteen million Mexicans lived in extreme poverty in slums in urban areas such as Mexico City. A group of twenty NGOs formed a group called ANADEGES and launched a project to help improve living conditions of these incredibly poor people. They recognized the importance of the development of urban agriculture and started encouraging it through various programs. Since then, residents have developed their own ways of implementing sustainable urban agricultural systems. </span></span></span>
<br /><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: georgia;"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CJOHNNY%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 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margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 89.85pt 72.0pt 89.85pt; mso-header-margin:35.45pt; mso-footer-margin:35.45pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"></span><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 180px; height: 125px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUGmlC22ZKskPUX9OX7JNAQ-B-B78x94jAhkw-cn5os-B58YYEX-J1kRnCbNCXt6Wdj-3qKVSxnVcEeS9DsLLVF4yob0jZDH4pQK5ISGHTIlHHECas_qudMb7UvDjxY1lAn7K7AW8mhOY/s400/mex7.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403747783973410642" border="0" /><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 199px; height: 296px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSHuWgFYPky8m_AwJwnDaOzY475olL2Zlbsr14XsTrnfmTX2DQHLD_9Cv_2n2onqQULQJukC_-ENmAJMrCahtFLFhr4d54UOyAaJ7W27vkX5fMlqJ2WP7CZzA1_oxiUcgSNTswZQoqaUw/s400/mex5.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403747561857210610" border="0" /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitae7jpEp8_Xc5jjh2zXvLqfib8Jx1j_7QD4ooumrbiXaEz_4on-oVusSPTRWX3gx9Klbyh2kw0gRKPkZtFXYbDaZCT7dl1KjHii7tLckxnPe3JIYdcapXW2FkYaQgxpRMYWdvOupmsO8/s1600-h/mex10.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 241px; height: 340px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitae7jpEp8_Xc5jjh2zXvLqfib8Jx1j_7QD4ooumrbiXaEz_4on-oVusSPTRWX3gx9Klbyh2kw0gRKPkZtFXYbDaZCT7dl1KjHii7tLckxnPe3JIYdcapXW2FkYaQgxpRMYWdvOupmsO8/s400/mex10.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403747790883538706" border="0" /></a></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: georgia;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-family: georgia;font-family:georgia;">With a population of approximately 22 million people living in an area of 100 000 hectares, Mexico City is now one of the largest urban areas in the world. Although the city has followed the western urbanization model; the residents of the city have retained their old traditions and incorporated the use of the city's organic wastes into their agricultural system, resulting in a sustainable agricultural model. </span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;" class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">
<br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-family: georgia;font-family:georgia;">In the urban zone of the city, rooftop vegetable gardens and backyard farming have become popular examples of self-sufficiency. Homemade vegetable gardens constructed from reclaimed containers use leaves as soil and human urine as fertilizer. They are cheap, require minimal maintenance and are effective. Farming is technically illegal within the city but most officials have chosen to ignore this practice, which has allowed urban agriculture to flourish. Animals kept as livestock have become socially and culturally linked to the city to the point where it is common to see the cattle grazing in public gardens or on sidewalks. Many of the low, flat roofs that characterize the slums have been fenced in and transformed into animal pens. The increasing popularity of backyard farming has resulted in families producing on average three pigs and twenty-six chickens with the extreme of some producers caring for as many as sixty pigs at once.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">
<br /></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-family:georgia;">These seemingly degrading methods of farming are actually quite effective. This success is accredited to the availability of vegetable wastes from large city markets and food-processing plants. These wastes that would otherwise have become landfill are used to feed cattle and pigs. The waste produced by the livestock is in turn used as organic material for more conventional suburban farming, producing some of the food sold in the large city markets. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"></span></span></p><span><span>
<br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">More traditional </span></span></span></span><span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">ecosystem. Even<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; "><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">, ancient production methods, such</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"> as those of the A</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">z</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">tec chinampas, </span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">have been rescued.<span style=""> </span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"><span style=""> </span>The floating gardens of Xochimilco in the southern part of the city have b</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">een revitalized and turned</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"> into self-conserving agricultural models that grow maize for food and grass for urban gardens.<span style=""> </span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">The farmers operate them while considering pollution and ecosystem degradation prevention in a way that allows for an increased generation of income.<span style=""> </span>This permits both the environment and farmers to prosper</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">.<span style=""> </span>The mud found at the bottom of the riverbed and algae from the water’s surface are also used as organic fertilizers, preventing the use of toxic pesticides, </span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">which would pollute the water and damage </span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">the ecosystem.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><div><span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; "><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"></span></span></span>
<br /></span></span></span></span><span><span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Even <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; "><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">with all of this urban agriculture, it is difficult to sustain a growing population where urbanization consumes 700 hectares of agricultural land a year.<span style=""> </span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"><span style=""> </span>The problem of providing enough shelter and food for </span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">all of the new inhabitants of this land becomes quite daunti</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">ng.</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;"><span style=""> </span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">Reclamation has been used for new housing in many ways, such as the use of lumber reclaimed from shipping pallets as roof trusses for housing. </span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">Another proposed solution has been to mass-produce steel shipping container homes, like those erected in the urban slum of <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Ciudad Juarez</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">Mexico</st1:country-region></st1:place>.<span style=""> </span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">This would provide safe, cheap, prefabricated homes, which could easily be installed in an orderly and efficient manner. This idea could be applied in other areas and embellished upon in order to make larger, more expensive homes, which are still created from these modular and abundant reclaimed containers.</span></span></span></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" face="georgia" style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify; "><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVy8Xf2y_9O4zG7KGjLn_HQ8Mi43LUa2cmFozER8Ka7tQ_cD01e0ybb_HRgWyYRmLsjoOT4hiKkGt3mtUmUM_oOrZomcYLNxc1tFZ4qwZJ0ykU5-4nZqAaK7T7ykYaPQJoveq5Ioyjj8U/s1600-h/mex4.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 292px; height: 219px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVy8Xf2y_9O4zG7KGjLn_HQ8Mi43LUa2cmFozER8Ka7tQ_cD01e0ybb_HRgWyYRmLsjoOT4hiKkGt3mtUmUM_oOrZomcYLNxc1tFZ4qwZJ0ykU5-4nZqAaK7T7ykYaPQJoveq5Ioyjj8U/s400/mex4.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403747553840061106" border="0" /></a></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: georgia;"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/LnU_2r0vQLY&color1=0xb1b1b1&color2=0xcfcfcf&feature=player_embedded&fs=1"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></object><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: georgia, serif; "><span><span>The </span></span>applications of sustainable urban agriculture and housing in <st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Mexico</st1:country-region></st1:place> provide basic models for developing countries around the world.<span style=""> </span>Armed with these ideas in their tool kits, architects and urban planners could expand upon them in order to design completely self-sufficient urban communities all over the world.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt; font-style: italic; text-align: left;font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt; text-align: justify; font-family: georgia; font-style: italic;"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CJOHNNY%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: georgia; font-style: italic;"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CJOHNNY%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 89.85pt 72.0pt 89.85pt; mso-header-margin:35.45pt; mso-footer-margin:35.45pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </div><span style=";font-family:times new roman;font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Sources: <span style="font-family:georgia;">
<br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">"City Farms." http://ww</span><span style="font-family:georgia;">w.journeytoforever.org/cityfarm.html (accessed November 4, 2009).
<br />"Environment and Urbanization." http://eau.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/10/2/37.pdf- (accessed November 3, 2009).
<br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">"Inhabitat." http://www.inhabitat.com/2007/09/03/video-shipping-container-homes-from-lot-ek/# (accessed November 3, 2009).</span>
<br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">"Organic Food Production in the Slums of Mexico City." http://journeytoforever.org/garden_con-mexico.html (accessed November 3, 2009). </span></span></span></span></span><span style=";font-family:times new roman;font-size:85%;"></span><span style=";font-family:times new roman;font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:georgia;">
<br />Sih Christensen, Jeanine .</span><span style="font-family:georgia;">"Natural Building and Building Community." http://74.125.93.132/search?q=cache:E2wUG5iUGkMJ:www.greenhomebuilding.com/pdf/NaturalBuilding.pdf+trusses+made+of+reclaimed+mexico&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca&client=firefox-a (accessed November 4, 2009). </span></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">
<br /></span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">"Urban Agriculture Notes." http://www.cityfarmer.org/mexico.html#mexico(accessed November 3, 2009)</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">
<br /><span style="font-family:georgia;">"Xochimilco Gardens." http://www.transitionsabroad.com/publications/magazine/0411/xochimilco_gardens_in_mexico_city.shtml (accessed November 4, 2009).</span></span><span style="font-size:85%;">
<br /></span>
<br /><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:85%;">Posted By : Katherine Kovalcik</span>
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<br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://www.transitionsabroad.com/publications/magazine/0411/xochimilco_gardens_in_mexico_city.shtml"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CJOHNNY%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-CA;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--></a></span></p> <p style="font-family: georgia;"></p> </div>Haley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-58569187108760332872009-11-03T23:38:00.021-05:002009-11-15T14:25:48.890-05:00A Slum for a Kingdom<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.archdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/15471585_2197261699-9b23fe25a5-b.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 263px; height: 349px;" src="http://www.archdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/15471585_2197261699-9b23fe25a5-b.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a>Photo of a Slum from </span><a href="http://www.archdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/15471585_2197261699-9b23fe25a5-b.jpg"><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" >ArchDaily</span></a><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br /></span></div><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br />There has been much debate over slums, whether or not the entire system in itself is a legitimate community or not. Many slums--also known as squatter-cities, shantytowns, and informal settlements--have little to no infrastructure, where the residents simply have to live without or improvise.
<br />
<br />However, despite the poor veneer of these communities, architects and urban planners are noticing that these shantytowns have elements of what defines smart-growth: close-knit, pedestrian friendly communities where buildings are usually multi-use. The buildings themselves are usually salvaged from neighbouring communities' debris, which is an eco-solution to building materials.
<br />
<br />More after the jump, </span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" >
<br />-Dennis</span><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br /></span><a name='more'></a>
<br />
<br />Although many slums are still high in terms of crime rate, there are some where the rate is extremely low. The fact that the streets are very narrow and pedestrian friendly, combined with the intimacy of the architecture, the residents have a strong sense of community. Likewise, there is also a control in population growth, as children are burden on these communities.
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<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.re-burbia.com/wp-content/uploads/2932/SprawRepairToolkitBuildingTypes_Page_2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 254px; height: 329px;" src="http://www.re-burbia.com/wp-content/uploads/2932/SprawRepairToolkitBuildingTypes_Page_2.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" >Urban Repair Kit</span><span style="font-size:100%;"> from </span><a href="http://www.re-burbia.com/wp-content/uploads/2932/SprawRepairToolkitBuildingTypes_Page_2.jpg"><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" >Reburbia</span></a><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br /></span></div><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br />As the architects and planners see these trends in slums are similar to their future goals, there have been proposals that hope to link these positive characteristics to our modern world. In a suburban gentrification competition called </span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" >Reburbia</span><span style="font-size:100%;">, the people's choice entry titled <a href="http://www.re-burbia.com/2009/08/04/sprawl-building-types-repair-toolkit/"><span style="font-style: italic;">Urban Sprawl Repair Kit: Repairing the Urban Fabric</span></a> by </span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" >Galina Tahchieva</span> outlines the issues based upon the urban sprawl machine. By adding onto the existing buildings of the suburb with street-friendly façades, food producing green roofs, and remodeling suburban homes to become more integrated into the street for citizens, Tahchieva envisions a practical and elegant solution to the growing problem of the inefficient suburb.<span style="font-size:100%;">
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<br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.archdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/842801821_quinta-monroy-iquique-c2a9cristobal-palma-tadeuz-jalocha-528x300.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 362px; height: 205px;" src="http://www.archdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/842801821_quinta-monroy-iquique-c2a9cristobal-palma-tadeuz-jalocha-528x300.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><span style="font-style: italic;">Quinta Monroy, </span>taken from <a href="http://www.archdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/842801821_quinta-monroy-iquique-c2a9cristobal-palma-tadeuz-jalocha-528x300.jpg"><span style="font-style: italic;">ArchDaily</span></a>
<br /></span></div><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br />A Chilean architecture firm known as </span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" >Elemental </span><span style="font-size:100%;">produced a different solution. Their native government presented them with a problem: providing a permanent home for the 100 families of the </span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" >Quinta Monroy</span><span style="font-size:100%;">, a location that is now a network of social housing. The solution was to create a system of identical </span><span style="font-size:100%;">30 sq. m. </span><span style="font-size:100%;">rowhouses throughout the area, and leaving spaces so the residents are free to redesign and build to their needs, at their own pace. The result was extremely successful, as </span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" >Elemental </span><span style="font-size:100%;">wishes to see social housing as an investment, not an expense.
<br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:100%;">~</span>~~
<br /></div><span style="font-size:100%;">Interestingly, the citizens of these highly efficient cities are usually unhappy with their current state. Yet those who are happy with their living standard are displeased with the state of their decadent lifestyle. In a way, one must compromise a certain level of living standard in order to gain a highly efficient community.
<br />
<br /></span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" >xoxo
<br />Dennis Tang</span><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br />===</span><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;" >
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line-height: normal;font-family:georgia;" align="center"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="EN-US">Works Cited<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40pt; text-indent: -40pt; line-height: 27.5pt;font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="EN-US">Castroni, Marco. "Learning from the slums (1/2):literature and urban renewal | ArchDaily." ArchDaily | Broadcasting Architecture Worldwide. <a href="http://www.archdaily.com/15271/learning-from-the-slums-12literature-and-urban-renewal/%20%28accessed%20November%2012,%202009%29.">http://www.archdaily.com/15271/learning-from-the-slums-12literature-and-urban-renewal/ (accessed November 12, 2009).</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40pt; text-indent: -40pt; line-height: 27.5pt;font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="EN-US">Castroni, Marco. "Learning from the slums (2/2): the rediscovery | ArchDaily." ArchDaily | Broadcasting Architecture Worldwide.<a href="http://www.archdaily.com/16311/learning-from-the-slums-22-the-rediscovery/%20%28accessed%20November%2012,%202009%29."> http://www.archdaily.com/16311/learning-from-the-slums-22-the-rediscovery/ (accessed November 12, 2009).</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40pt; text-indent: -40pt; line-height: 27.5pt;font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="EN-US">Saieh, Nico. "Quinta Monroy / Elemental | ArchDaily." ArchDaily | Broadcasting Architecture Worldwide. <a href="http://www.archdaily.com/10775/quinta-monroy-elemental/%20%28accessed%20November%2012,%202009">http://www.archdaily.com/10775/quinta-monroy-elemental/ (accessed November 12, 2009</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" face="georgia" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40pt; text-indent: -40pt; line-height: 27.5pt;"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CDENNIS%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CDENNIS%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" 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mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--><span style=";font-family:";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-US" ><span style="font-family:georgia;">Tahchieva, Galina . "Urban Sprawl Repair Kit: Repairing The Urban Fabric." <span style=""> </span>ReBurbia. <a href="http://www.re-burbia.com/2009/08/04/sprawl-building-types-repair-toolkit/%20%28accessed%20November%2012,%202009%29.">http://www.re-burbia.com/2009/08/04/sprawl-building-types-repair-toolkit/ (accessed November 12, 2009).</a></span><o:p></o:p></span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40pt; text-indent: -40pt; line-height: 27.5pt; font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;"><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;" >Tuhus-Dubrow, Rebecca . "The world's slums are overcrowded, unhealthy - and increasingly seen as resourceful communities that can offer lessons to modern cities. - The Boston Globe." Boston.com. <a href="http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2009/03/01/learning_from_slums/?page=1%20%28accessed%20November%2012,%202009%29.">http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2009/03/01/learning_from_slums/?page=1 (accessed November 12, 2009).</a></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <span style="font-size:100%;"><span><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">
<br /></span></span></span></span>Haley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-41795479804669274612009-11-03T21:24:00.027-05:002009-11-14T17:11:59.568-05:00Water Bottles and Agriculture Barriers<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 212px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqCENvxwkHCiyVSplrNejfGpFYFJ0HJ-L3tqvx6Z7Ue4lQIjHjZSVgbs1XP3h6sDNMvzFIYSMdlP3KQ0cnt-QPsT3Mk8lLpz3exh3F3gHyc4uKHSIYlfKN7ahLfIcDGapAHOAFOP9cK6w/s320/ttt.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5400106914153591586" /><br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Subsistent</span>- <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">verb- To maintain or support oneself, esp. at a minimal level</span></span><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">Origin- mid 16th century: from latin <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">subsistere </span>'stand firm' ; from <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">sub</span>- "from below" + <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">sistere</span> 'set, stand' </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Urbanity</span>- <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">noun <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"> 1 suavity, courteousness, and refinement of manner</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> 2 urban life</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">Origin- mid 16h century French- <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">urbanit</span> or Latin- <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">urban</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">itas, </span>from <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">urbanus 'belonging to the city' </span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>If urbanity is a state of being, one of belonging to a city and to be subsistent is an action of supporting oneself from 'below' then what conclusions can we draw from this? What is a subsistent urbanity? Well it seems like it is a state of being in which one belongs to a city that is supported by its lowest tier of organization. Where does this tier lie in the city? It lies with the squatters. With the slum dwellers. Therefore, if urban life is going to make a shift from the western model we currently associate with to a life predominant</div><div style="text-align: justify;">ly governed by the chaos of the slums how can we prepare to make the shift as comfortable as possible? We already have some very interestingly simplistic technologies and concepts at our disposal which would not only help us westerners transition but also help those who are already in this subsistent existence survive with less difficulty. In addition, it seems pertinent that we view slums not as a sign of poverty but rather as a place of potential growth and more often than not these communities are important contributors to the local work force. I stumbled across this video during my research which outlines such a perspective: </div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><object width="334" height="326"><param name="movie" value="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="bgColor" value="#ffffff"> <param name="flashvars" value="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/RobertNeuwirth_2005-medium.flv&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/RobertNeuwirth-2005.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=320&vh=240&ap=0&ti=36&introDuration=16500&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=2000&adKeys=talk=robert_neuwirth_on_our_shadow_cities;year=2005;theme=tales_of_invention;theme=the_power_of_cities;theme=unconventional_explanations;theme=rethinking_poverty;event=TEDGlobal+2005;&preAdTag=tconf.ted/embed;tile=1;sz=512x288;"><embed src="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf" pluginspace="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="334" height="326" allowfullscreen="true" flashvars="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/RobertNeuwirth_2005-medium.flv&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/RobertNeuwirth-2005.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=320&vh=240&ap=0&ti=36&introDuration=16500&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=2000&adKeys=talk=robert_neuwirth_on_our_shadow_cities;year=2005;theme=tales_of_invention;theme=the_power_of_cities;theme=unconventional_explanations;theme=rethinking_poverty;event=TEDGlobal+2005;"></embed></object><br /></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Back to the main question. How can we make an urbanity based on subsistence work? One of the largest problems seems to be the idea of the random settlement pattern associated with slums. However, the very nature of the slum is its chaos, its randomness which people like Armstrong (mentioned in the video above) find so liberating. Due to this, we cannot eliminate these elements with land tenure and large scale band aid developments. We must utilize the nature of the slum to its own advantage, to allow its settlement patterns to develop naturally and provide an organization based on forms of constraining agricultural practice. It seems that our cities have lost contact with the natural restrictions that were once in place over them, such as fertile land, natural borders etc. We can reimpose these boundaries by re-fertilizing our farm land and strengthening their connections to the urban center's through direct integration and regional production versus international. This is all very theoretical, however it does not require much technology to accomplish, the populace simply needs to farm with an appropriate level of technology. Here's another TED video that I found on this subject: </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><object width="446" height="326"><param name="movie" value="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="bgColor" value="#ffffff"> <param name="flashvars" value="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/CarolynSteel_2009G-medium.flv&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/CarolynSteel-2009G.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=432&vh=240&ap=0&ti=650&introDuration=16500&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=2000&adKeys=talk=carolyn_steel_how_food_shapes_our_cities;year=2009;theme=new_on_ted_com;theme=speaking_at_tedglobal2009;theme=architectural_inspiration;theme=the_power_of_cities;event=TEDGlobal+2009;&preAdTag=tconf.ted/embed;tile=1;sz=512x288;"><embed src="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf" pluginspace="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="446" height="326" allowfullscreen="true" flashvars="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/CarolynSteel_2009G-medium.flv&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/CarolynSteel-2009G.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=432&vh=240&ap=0&ti=650&introDuration=16500&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=2000&adKeys=talk=carolyn_steel_how_food_shapes_our_cities;year=2009;theme=new_on_ted_com;theme=speaking_at_tedglobal2009;theme=architectural_inspiration;theme=the_power_of_cities;event=TEDGlobal+2009;"></embed></object><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 251px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYw906wVs3yIjRvJFyMx9ZGFny0gX_WMHmLf6Xv3qFiMr8PNrboGlYYjCnfoh97FyokEt1lrVyO-iRWgRR8N4mT9eytKzu1hYA2qtYa3dtNp6GSmNOIOTxyX-yd8kxVx_I2CQru_KhRqk/s320/11580007211Feeding.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5400106524109811106" /><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Heres another interesting link, which deals with a current approach to an integrated agriculture. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:'times new roman';font-size:48px;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.idrc.ca/in_focus_cities/ev-94891-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html">http://www.idrc.ca/in_focus_cities/ev-94891-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html</a><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Lastly, if a city is going to be restricted by its agriculture and its natural environment such restrictions also include those concerning water supply which will not only fuel agricultural practice but provide drinking, and bathing water for the community. The problem here is that in such a densely packed area the local water source can become easily contaminated with many different bacteria which can lead to infection and ultimately death. However, inventor Michael Pritchard seems to have beat this problem at the source with his invention, the LifeSaver bottle and jerrycan. These simple devices are easily manufactured and shipped and it turns any water, even water that is tepid and saturated with bacteria, into water that is drinkable and pure. This allows people to focus on developing their communities, it allows them to build and improve their homes, and create their own unique infrastructures without having to worry about waterborne disease; it can lead to the permanence of community. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><object width="446" height="326"><param name="movie" value="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="wmode" value="transparent"><param name="bgColor" value="#ffffff"> <param name="flashvars" value="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/MichaelPritchard_2009G-medium.flv&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/MichaelPritchard-2009G.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=432&vh=240&ap=0&ti=613&introDuration=16500&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=2000&adKeys=talk=michael_pritchard_invents_a_water_filter;year=2009;theme=speaking_at_tedglobal2009;theme=tales_of_invention;theme=new_on_ted_com;theme=design_like_you_give_a_damn;event=TEDGlobal+2009;&preAdTag=tconf.ted/embed;tile=1;sz=512x288;"><embed src="http://video.ted.com/assets/player/swf/EmbedPlayer.swf" pluginspace="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="446" height="326" allowfullscreen="true" flashvars="vu=http://video.ted.com/talks/dynamic/MichaelPritchard_2009G-medium.flv&su=http://images.ted.com/images/ted/tedindex/embed-posters/MichaelPritchard-2009G.embed_thumbnail.jpg&vw=432&vh=240&ap=0&ti=613&introDuration=16500&adDuration=4000&postAdDuration=2000&adKeys=talk=michael_pritchard_invents_a_water_filter;year=2009;theme=speaking_at_tedglobal2009;theme=tales_of_invention;theme=new_on_ted_com;theme=design_like_you_give_a_damn;event=TEDGlobal+2009;"></embed></object><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 268px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOoS41KVm_FzYYRxLSQbP98CN1ReqON4L7gW_XYuo3udesF_Audh0YoxgnRV3rIRYxMpvftfmIqHUI1Mn7RzMCG2Rg07yRtxtcjQ0R8SIwAruJUdTpE-4D7rT8PrXHCSp4r7esLzceeIQ/s400/lifesaver-bottle-20.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5404054747617381010" /><br /><div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.lifesaversystems.com/techinfo.html">http://www.lifesaversystems.com/techinfo.html</a><br /></div><br /><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 303px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdxYJXx3jxbqPu4j1q5LlHjOtBVFI0sA_n-CIM9PWF7CQFuF7ALCsUmrtOoEws_LP7G_VrTRdB6TFg_I14BkE_Snb45kgKDEKNt1tUVvllfNJUSAfWzElx_fQIjcUytvDhPj7StcmZxQ0/s400/jerrycan01.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5404056302656301378" /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.lifesaversystems.com/jerrycan/large/jerrycan01.jpg">http://www.lifesaversystems.com/jerrycan/large/jerrycan01.jpg</a><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Heres the link to the LifeSaver website which has more technical overviews on the products: </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.lifesaversystems.com/index.html">http://www.lifesaversystems.com/index.html</a><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">[viewed at 11:41 pm]</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>In essence, I am posing a condition. A condition of natural integration wherein we can develop through our connections to our most basic resources. It is through this that a subsistent urbanity can become one that is far more sustainable and plausible. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Kyle Brill</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;">Bibliography</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">Information Sources:</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">1. "The Development Challenge: </span></span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Can agriculture succeed in the urban environment?"<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic; "></span></span></span></span></em></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" "><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic; ">Feeding the Sustainable City <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "></span></span></span></span></span></em></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" "><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; ">Modified: 2008/ 03/ 26 9:40 pm <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.idrc.ca/in_focus_cities/ev-94891-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html" style=""> </a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:Georgia;"><a href="http://www.idrc.ca/in_focus_cities/ev-94891-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html"></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></em></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" "><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:Georgia;"><a href="http://www.idrc.ca/in_focus_cities/ev-94891-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">http://www.idrc.ca/in_focus_cities/ev-94891-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html</span></a></span></span></span></span></span></em></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" "><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:Georgia;">(viewed on Nov,3 2009 at 12:02 am)</span></span></span></span></span></span></em></span></div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">Image Sources:</span></div><div><br /></div><div>1. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">"Introducing the worlds first ultra-filtration jerrycan" <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic; ">Lifesaver systems <a href="http://www.lifesaversystems.com/index.html"> </a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><a href="http://www.lifesaversystems.com/index.html">http://www.lifesaversystems.com/index.html </a></span></span></span></div><div>(viewed on Nov,2nd 2009 at 11:41 pm- Both lifesaver images)</div><div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">Video Sources:</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span></div><div>1. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">Michael Pritchard's water filter turns filthy water drinkable, TED talk. </span>Filmed July 2008; Posted August 2009</div><div><br /></div><div>2. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">Carloyn Steel: How food shapes our cities, TED talk. </span>Filmed July 2009; Posted October 2009</div><div><br /></div><div>3. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;">Robert Neuwirth on our "shadow cities", TED talk. </span>Filmed July 2005; Posted January 2007</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span></div><div><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;">Introductory Image: </div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqCENvxwkHCiyVSplrNejfGpFYFJ0HJ-L3tqvx6Z7Ue4lQIjHjZSVgbs1XP3h6sDNMvzFIYSMdlP3KQ0cnt-QPsT3Mk8lLpz3exh3F3gHyc4uKHSIYlfKN7ahLfIcDGapAHOAFOP9cK6w/s320/ttt.jpg">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqCENvxwkHCiyVSplrNejfGpFYFJ0HJ-L3tqvx6Z7Ue4lQIjHjZSVgbs1XP3h6sDNMvzFIYSMdlP3KQ0cnt-QPsT3Mk8lLpz3exh3F3gHyc4uKHSIYlfKN7ahLfIcDGapAHOAFOP9cK6w/s320/ttt.jpg</a><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div></div>Haley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-82424045522563550892009-11-02T23:47:00.027-05:002009-11-15T14:28:44.729-05:00Annualized Geo-SolarAnnualized Geo-Solar (AGS) is an approach to heating and cooling buildings which has not entered mainstream construction practice, yet holds promise for improving the energy performance of buildings in all climates. AGS is a method of balancing seasonal temperature differentials by capturing and storing summer heat in a thermal mass medium and re-radiating it back into the climate-controlled space as needed during the following season. AGS is an extension of the logic of passive solar design where the same process is employed on a diurnal cycle. Where passive solar designs are inherently limited by site requirements for adequate southern exposure, and more importantly, by harsh climates with protracted sunless periods, AGS is a more widely deployable technology. <br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://sustainabledesignsuk.com/images/ags.gif"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 500px; height: 341px;" src="http://sustainabledesignsuk.com/images/ags.gif" border="0" alt="" /></a><br />www.sustainabledesignsuk.com/images/ags.gif<br /><br />Water is an ideal collection medium, though as in the diagram above, air also works for lower cost systems. Using low-energy solar pumps or thermo-siphoning, solar collectors are placed in full sun to heat water or air which is then transferred to the earth beneath the building surrounded by an insulation skirt. It is a simple matter to collect, store, and reradiate the required number of BTU’s of heat required to keep a well-insulated building comfortable throughout the winter. If these processes were industrialized, the low-tech flat plate solar thermal collectors, solar pumps and foam insulation required for a typical installation of this type of system would be comparable to a conventional heating system and would provide a lifetime of home heating and hot water. <br /><br /> <a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.southface.org/solar/solar-roadmap/solar_how-to/flat-plate-collector500.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 500px; height: 307px;" src="http://www.southface.org/solar/solar-roadmap/solar_how-to/flat-plate-collector500.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a><br />www.southface.org/solar/solar-roadmap/solar_how-to/flat-plate-collector500.jpg<br /><br />Currently AGS technology is used primarily by those in the natural building movement who favour a low-technology approach to building and tend to prefer air as a collection medium, which is more affordable and less complex than water-based systems. The use of air as a collection medium often results in lower performance relative to water since air has less capacity to store and transfer thermal energy. Further, when the heat is to be reradiated into the building the following season, water provides a means of highly controlled distribution through in-floor radiant technologies where air presents greater challenges to effectively distribute.<br /><br /> <span style="font-weight:bold;">Thermo-siphon</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.tecsol.fr/st_uk/images/Thermosiphon.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 180px; height: 177px;" src="http://www.tecsol.fr/st_uk/images/Thermosiphon.jpg" border="0" alt="" /></a> <br />www.tecsol.fr/st_uk/images/Thermosiphon.jpg<br /><br />AGS technology needs to be deployed with water-based collection, control, and distribution methods in order to be commercially viable in the industrialized world, though the simplicity and extremely low-cost of air-based collection methods are appropriate in the developing world where fewer resources are available. This approach to heating and cooling is widely deployable in the context of a subsistence urbanity whereby the costly infrastructures of natural gas and other types of fossil-fuel or wood-based heating systems are unavailable. With the use of low-energy pumps, AGS systems are appropriate in relatively high density situations in which the collectors are mounted on a flat rooftop of multi-storey buildings as a trellis-like assembly to provide shade for occupants. The aggregate effect of this practice would have an added benefit of reducing the urban heat island effect by sequestering heat. This approach is also viable in cooling buildings in a hot climate situation where thermosiphons or pumps run in reverse during cold nights or seasons. <br /><br />AGS has the most potential as an autonomous system, though it could also be used in district heating installations where appropriate. These technologies have the potential to dramatically reduce or eliminate the use of fossil fuels and wood-burning in the operation of residential and light commercial buildings in cold climates. <br /><br />Below is an example of a super-insulated natural building heated by AGS which I built as a site instructor with the Sustainable Building Design and Construction Class of 2006. <br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.sustainablebuilding2006.ca/content/uploads/images/SLC.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 448px; height: 274px;" src="http://www.sustainablebuilding2006.ca/content/uploads/images/SLC.JPG" border="0" alt="" /></a> <br />www.sustainablebuilding2006.ca/content/uploads/images/SLC.JPG<br /><br />The following is excerpted from www.sustainablebuilding2006.ca:<br /><span style="font-style:italic;"><br />“Warm air is collected from under the steel roof on the south side of the building during the warm months of the year. This air is blown through a long tube that travels 3 metres beneath the ground under the building before returning to the roof to be warmed again. The air warms the mass of the earth beneath the building, and this heat begins a slow rise upward through the soil. It will take approximately 6 months for the heat to finally be released into the building, so early spring’s stored heat becomes early winter’s heat inside the building. The system is turned on in early May and is turned off in late September or October. This system cost less than $500 to install, and has the potential to provide a significant amount of the building’s heat. It will take up to five years for the ground to fully “charge” with heat, so the success will only become evident over time. The thermometer display on the north east side of the building shows the heating tube and floor strata temperatures, so we can monitor its progress.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;"><br />Questions</span><br /><br />Is AGS a proven heating system?<br /><br />No. There are only a few buildings in the world that use this kind of AGS heating. Reports from several of these show that after a few years they provide the majority of the heating requirements. The depth of the pipes under the ground, the amount of heat gathered under the roof and the strength of the fans in the pipes can all affect the outcome, as can soil type, ground water levels and many other factors. <br /><br />Why use air instead of solar-heated liquid in the AGS system?<br /><br />While water is a more efficient medium for storing and moving heat, the air-based system used here is remarkably simple. Solar water heating systems are more expensive and complex, requiring collectors, pumps, tubing and sensors. The air system uses two small fans hardwired directly to their own PV panels, and some inexpensive plastic piping. The system can’t overheat, doesn’t need maintenance and has only two, inexpensive moving parts."</span><br /><br /><br />Links:<br /><br />http://www.greenershelter.org/index.php?pg=3<br /><br />http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annualized_geo_solar<br /><br />Posted By Nathaniel AndersonHaley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-82136494558880251282009-11-02T23:25:00.018-05:002009-11-04T10:32:21.964-05:00<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span>Haley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-23588365260137698812009-11-02T23:22:00.014-05:002009-11-04T03:14:11.566-05:00<div menubottom="0" menuright="0" menutop="0" menuleft="0" activeid="-1" expanded="0" style="display: none;" id="divCleekiAttrib"></div><div menubottom="0" menuright="0" menutop="0" menuleft="0" activeid="-1" expanded="0" style="display: none;" id="divCleekiAttrib"></div><div menubottom="0" menuright="0" menutop="0" menuleft="0" activeid="-1" expanded="0" style="display: none;" id="divCleekiAttrib"></div>Haley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-89849977822677943792009-11-02T20:29:00.086-05:002009-11-12T21:47:07.475-05:00Rolling on the River<div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family:georgia, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Formed in 1964 by landscape architect Garrett Eckbo, the firm of Eckbo, Dean, Austin, and Williams (EDAW) cultivated Eckbo’s vision of environmentally-conscious projects which are fully functional. Participating in the Discovery Channel’s 2008 “City of the Future” competition, the firm came up with a proposal to address one of the dominant issues in an Atlanta of 2018. Along with every other city in the future, the condition of water will be of great importance considering rising water levels across the globe. According to their site, EDAW sought to concentrate on stormwater re-use, designing a new coastline to suite the projected future sea levels, phasing out combustion engines by 2060, turning freeways into tight residential areas, and allowing for the resurfacing of stormwater back to the surface of Atlanta, creating lakes and creeks. Buildings would be situated upon the slopes and transit at the tops of hills, with stormwater runoff filtering down to the stream corridors below.</span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><img style="text-align: left;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 366px; " src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNyyStdpMoYI_XIJTIuweeb9-ExO9K4jrZiiikUZljg4D9AWZA96QmT_hkt1QYZe7E2VgSCdYpbXKcLqn5Z_mxmi1koQycdD9SuZOJ2x-MZt7oZ2ghswt2UEqm_8HjpDjJ7rgZBNh2Ouo/s400/20081111035106-11880-City_of_the_Future_06.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403411733416806498" /></div><div><div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Considering London’s future, water is of the same, if not greater concern. Rising at a rate of about 1 mm a year, the Thames’ water levels have the Environment Agency concerned, reevaluating the pre-established 300 km of tidal embankments, gates, and barriers that are found on the river. London’s main tidal gate, the Thames Barrier, established in 1984 to counter rising tidal levels produced by disasters like the 1953 flood of London, is under such reevaluation. The UK’s Chief Scientific Advisor, Sir David King, takes into account higher flood levels and heavier rains when considering future water levels. Many contest that the Thames Barrier will not supply sufficient protection due to these rising water levels, and the city will inevitably flood.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><img style="text-align: left;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 169px; " src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlhD406EsT1ngbW3Uc-vYJSp4JOeCbMHTkm6Xvya-xGO2OvTolmEBqtHQdPeO-cgXYD1-vuA3Q4oSpUdyb0c0F6Ed4x0_MRSEXOfJ4da2JXk15EcWoU-UZw0y9NEQV1ZChmjeWqIQ24mQ/s400/thames_barrier.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403412290828612530" /></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: normal; font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="white-space: pre;"><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/qQkpFCsi2xw&hl=en&fs=1&color1=0xe1600f&color2=0xfebd01"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/qQkpFCsi2xw&hl=en&fs=1&color1=0xe1600f&color2=0xfebd01" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="344" width="425"></embed></object></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">In their 2007 report, </span></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Living with Water: Visions of a Flooded Future</span></span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">, authors Ruff and Moorley </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">propose shelters like schools being relegated to school boats. Also of potential: “bolt-on bay </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">windows, plug-in balconies and instant attic conversions”. </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">BLDGBLOG suggests the “Project for a New Thames”, calling for a new London, flooded with canals, lakes, and waterfalls: “The route? That's yet to be decided – but I strongly favor something complex and circuitous. Perhaps we could send it flowing through a titanically oversized, manmade hydroelectric valve, as designed by M.C. Escher, providing all of east London with electric power for the new millennium. The valve </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">itself, perhaps the tallest building in Britain. Norman Foster will design it. You could film </span></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The Bourne Ultimatum</span></span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> there; his ultimatum: he wants cheaper electricity”.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRIcq_0VohWlI7B76stwkZwPcHd8Ua_leU6utW0WZiE3jCjtB2v0V2hVKSiHQgJ-TgC7Jvg73-Xd8VhG3e2OdIXDI93Kjae_h9cND3A2nyeoTD6ULeMujqDkR4Rby3eLU1KAm1ZEq0I40/s1600-h/escher-waterfall-medium.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRIcq_0VohWlI7B76stwkZwPcHd8Ua_leU6utW0WZiE3jCjtB2v0V2hVKSiHQgJ-TgC7Jvg73-Xd8VhG3e2OdIXDI93Kjae_h9cND3A2nyeoTD6ULeMujqDkR4Rby3eLU1KAm1ZEq0I40/s400/escher-waterfall-medium.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403405416676431282" style="text-align: left;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 318px; height: 400px; " /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">One final possibility in the face of rising water levels is the “floating house”. Developed in the Netherlands, these new houses can be built on a FlexBase EPS (polystyrene foam) base with a concrete slab on top. Next, concrete joists are poured, prefab concrete boundary elements are installed, and wiring and pipes are placed. A regular contractor can complete the rest of the building assembly. One construction firm, Dura Vermeer, produces houses that can even rise and fall with the tide. While prices start at 260000 euros, the floating house is an innovative solution for one of the world’s most at-risk countries facing rising sea levels.</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Times New Roman"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.0px"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span></span></p></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div><p style="text-align: left;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></span></span></p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtDzgvB3wc0PZ2FNw3D8MwHQoG-we7p_pNv6ARzMpfT1KfrMgyUmnVdMzFYcYqsMigucMWcRYUV1Emh5q3mjlwDHYv4VyU-lwU3mZKVBFKDwyLCcxfEPTvzCbmWl9Dod0JSo7SgXNAwm8/s1600-h/fl3.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtDzgvB3wc0PZ2FNw3D8MwHQoG-we7p_pNv6ARzMpfT1KfrMgyUmnVdMzFYcYqsMigucMWcRYUV1Emh5q3mjlwDHYv4VyU-lwU3mZKVBFKDwyLCcxfEPTvzCbmWl9Dod0JSo7SgXNAwm8/s400/fl3.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5403405679511187554" style="text-align: left;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 263px; " /></a><p style="text-align: left;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">~</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Rachel Cohen-Murison</span></span></span></p></div></div></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br />Sources:<br />Manaugh, Geoff. The BLDGBLOG Book. San Francisco: Chronicle Book, 2009.<br />http://www.treehugger.com (accessed Oct. 31, 2009)<br />http://www.flexbase.eu/ (accessed Oct. 31, 2009)</span></span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.edaw.com/ (accessed Oct. 31, 2009)</span></span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">"Disasters - Thames flood risk to London - part 1 - BBC." http://www.youtube.com (accessed Oct. 31, 2009)<br />"Just Add Water." http://bldgblog.blogspot.com</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">/ (accessed Oct. 31, 2009)</span></span></div></div>Haley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-35442159650222039002009-11-01T20:22:00.016-05:002009-11-15T14:27:19.801-05:00The Tower that Lives<div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://webecoist.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/la-tour-vivante-vertical-farm.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 283px; height: 273px;" src="http://webecoist.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/la-tour-vivante-vertical-farm.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a>Via <a href="http://webecoist.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/la-tour-vivante-vertical-farm.jpg"><span style="font-style: italic;">WebEcoist </span></a>
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<br />I stumbled upon this a while back (But I forget where). Called <span style="font-style: italic;">La Tour Vivante</span> (The Living Tower), this Parisian concept tower is a farm built entirely within a skyscraper. The exposed clear-glass curtain wall areas are the 'farm' elements, while the black tempered glass areas are multi-functional, ranging from office space to residential.
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<br />The concept seems promising, but this has possibility of remaining one. At a whopping €98 100 000 (156.5 Million CAD) for construction, the costs of maintenance seem staggering for something so new and innovative. However, the designers, SOA Architects, seem to be very ready for this project, covering everything from self-sustainability to air circulation and local food support.
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<br />More after the jump,
<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">-Dennis
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<br /></span></span>According to their .pdf report, the entire tower would be self-sustaining, producing its own energy through green methods. Obviously, the vertical farm that is integrated into the building will provide local foods and sustenance for the population. SOA Architects also report that there are mechanisms to collect rainwater and distribute it to the residents and professionals below. As for air purification, the agriculture will take care of that.
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<br />A youtube video is available here:
<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><object height="265" width="320"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/kbqs9L9IMvk&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0&color1=0x3a3a3a&color2=0x999999"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/kbqs9L9IMvk&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0&color1=0x3a3a3a&color2=0x999999" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="265" width="320"></embed></object>
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<br />Despite the cost, it does look very enticing. Two windmills (and "the methane or electricity produced from fermenting food waste") seem like it can self sustain a thirty-story scraper, but noise could be a problem. Also, in some of the renders, it appears that the residents and professionals get a nice view of the farm during its growth process, separated by a thin curtain wall. If methane gas is present, wouldn't the air quality be of issue? SOA Architects claim that the agriculture will cleanse the air, but how much? Although this is a very smart and clever way to solve the self-sustainability problem, it is a brand new tower, instead of a building that is repurposed or gentrified.
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<br />This tower has big dreams and concepts, but to have the constant sustainability would be difficult. There is still too much reliance on nearby infrastructure to be 100% self sustaining. However, this tower could be the key to push humanity in the correct direction.
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<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">xoxo
<br />Dennis Tang
<br />====
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style="font-size:12pt;">Works Cited<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40pt; text-indent: -40pt; line-height: 27.5pt;font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;">SOA Architects. "An International Sustainable City." AtelierSOA. <a href="www.ateliersoa.fr/verticalfarm_fr/pages/images/press_urban_farm.pdf">www.ateliersoa.fr/verticalfarm_fr/pages/images/press_urban_farm.pdf</a> (accessed November 1, 2009).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40pt; text-indent: -40pt; line-height: 27.5pt;font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt;">SOA Architects. "La Tour Vivante." Eco-Tower. <a href="http://eco-tower.fr/">http://eco-tower.fr/ </a>(accessed November 1, 2009).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 40pt; text-indent: -40pt; line-height: 27.5pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:12pt;" lang="EN-US" ><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:georgia;">Vertical Farm Project, The. "Agriculture for the 21st Century and Beyond." The Vertical Farm Project. <a href="http://www.verticalfarm.com/%20%28accessed%20November%201,%202009%29.">http://www.verticalfarm.com/ (accessed November 1, 2009).</a></span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<br />Haley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7669775456540123987.post-49694973126834086152009-11-01T14:53:00.001-05:002009-11-01T20:03:05.114-05:00White Group 3<br /><br />Members:<br />Nathaniel Anderson<br />Kyle Brill<br />Carrie Cheng<br />Rachel Cohen<br />Katherine Kovalcik<br />Diana Lopez<br />Simon McKenzie<br />Dennis Tang<br />Haley Zhou<br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br />Main Topic:<br />Shelter<br /><br />Sub Topics:<br />Water<br />Agriculture<br /></span><div menubottom="0" menuright="0" menutop="0" menuleft="0" activeid="-1" expanded="0" style="display: none;" id="divCleekiAttrib"></div><div menubottom="0" menuright="0" menutop="0" menuleft="0" activeid="-1" expanded="0" style="display: none;" id="divCleekiAttrib"></div><div menubottom="0" menuright="0" menutop="0" menuleft="0" activeid="-1" expanded="0" style="display: none;" id="divCleekiAttrib"></div><div menubottom="0" menuright="0" menutop="0" menuleft="0" activeid="-1" expanded="0" style="display: none;" id="divCleekiAttrib"></div>Haley Zhouhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17968863329724251493noreply@blogger.com0